Comprising interviews conducted with senior CSCE/OSCE negotiators about recent tumultuous events in global affairs and insights from the conflict resolution literature, this book analyses how “postmodern” conflict such as the recent Balkan wars and the post–9/11 “new terrorism” can be prevented and/or otherwise dealt with in the future. Using a conceptual framework designed to enhance analysis of complex identity-based conflicts, the author has developed a model for a new European peace and security system (NEPSS), and assessed the “goodness-of-fit” between NEPSS and the perceptions of CSCE/OSCE practitioners at four points in time, to explore whether there was a convergence of theory and practice on how to prevent and/or respond to future Yugoslav-type conflicts and related acts of terrorism. The author also examines to what extent consensus existed on the various issues over time and analyses pre–9/11 (1993, 1997, 1999) and post–9/11 (2004) trends on various peace and security issues to discern to what extent there has developed over time a culture of conflict resolution and an “issue paradigm,” in which senior diplomatic practitioners come down on various issues in complex ways that are not neatly captured by a Realpolitik-only or Idealpolitik-only perspective.